- P No And F No In Welding Machine
- P No And F No In Welding Electrodes
- P No And F No In Welding Supply
- P No And F No In Welding Equipment
- Any metals of the same P-No. 4, plus combination between any metal from P-No. 4 to any metal from P-No. 1 (ASME Section IX, QW-424) within Qualified Thicknesses in PQR. Same F-number and same A-number tested in PQR. Only Filler Metal categories with the same F-number and same A-number te sted in PQR. Any electrode diameter sizes can.
- Things to know prior to qualifying a welding procedure Know the application for the welding procedure What welding process(es) are going to be used during construction What materials are going to be used during construction The types and grades The thicknesses of each material Are there dissimilar welds including welds between different P-No.
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Before any welding activity can commence, the welder and the QC Engineer has to be fully aware of the content of the welding procedure specification, WPS. This document is produced by the welding engineer in order to ensure the quality and correct design output of the weld. The WPS contains information regarding:
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- the type of weld to be performed
- Base and filler metals
- Weld position & joint tolerances
- Preheat temperature, Interpass temperature and Post-weld heat treatment (PWHT)
- Electrical characteristics
- Welding technique
- Gas usage
- Electrode information; and
- Voltage, Ampere and travel speed during welding
All sections on the WPS are related to a section in the ASME IX for code reference; for example QW-403 (base metals).
The WPS is always supported by a PQR, Procedure Qualification Record. This document is a quality document that supports the WPS design with an actual welded joint and corresponding material testing records (hardness test, tensile strength, NDT etc.).
Joints (QW-402)
Joint design, use of backing and maximum root gap is defined in this section.
P No And F No In Welding Machine
Base metals (QW-403)
This section describes the base metal for which the WPS can be used. All base metals have been assigned a P number which is related to the metals chemical composition, weldability etc (see Table 1). The WPS can be valid for a single metal or a range of metals. This section also describes the metal thicknesses and diameters covered by the WPS. Ferrous metals with specific impact test requirements have been assigned different group numbers within the P numbers.
Base Metal | Welding | Brazing |
Steel and Steel Alloys | P-No. 1 through P-No. 11 incl. P-No. 5A, 5B and 5C | P-No. 101 through P-No. 103 |
Aluminum and Aluminum-base Alloys | P-No.21 through P-No. 25 | P-No. 104 and P-No. 105 |
Copper and Copper-Base Alloys | P-No. 31 through P-No. 35 | P-No. 107 and P-No. 108 |
Nickel and Nickel base Alloys | P-No. 41 through P-No. 47 | P-No. 110 through P-No. 112 |
Titanium and Titanium base Alloys | P-No. 51 through P-No. 53 | P-No. 115 |
Zirconium and zirconium base Alloys | P-No. 61 through P-No. 62 | P-No. 117 |
Filler metals (QW-404)
All information regarding appropriate filler metal use is described in this section; Filler number, Spec number, size limitations, maximum deposit thickness and type of filler.
Position (QW-405)
This section defines if the welding position has any limitations and if the welding should progress in a certain direction (uphill/downhill).
Preheat & Interpass temperature (QW-406)
![P No And F No In Welding P No And F No In Welding](/uploads/1/1/8/3/118380376/461668860.jpg)
If preheat is needed to ensure the quality of the weld, it will be defined in this section. In addition, interpass temperature limitations (maximum allowable base metal temperature in between weld passes) and (if needed) preheat maintenance are specified here.
Post Weld heat Treatment (PWHT) (QW-407)
Post weld heat treatment is a post welding heating process used to ensure proper toughness of the weld. It is essential when welding Grade 91, 911, 92 or 122. The temperature and time is defined in this section.
Gas (QW-408)
This section defines the type of shield gas used during welding and the flow rate. The reason for using shield gas is to protect the welding area from atmospheric gases; nitrogen, oxygen or vapour.
Electrical characteristics (QW-409)
Welding electrical characteristics, like volt, ampere, current AC/DC etc. and tungsten electrode and size are defined in this section. Three different current types exists; DCEN which generates deep, narrow penetration where electrode capacity is excellent; DCEP generates a shallow, wide penetration profile where electrode capacity is generally poor; AC (balanced) generates medium penetration with good electrode capacity.
Technique (QW-410)
If limitations/recommendations regarding welding technique exist then it is defined under this section. Apexsql recover activation key free. Stringer is the easiest welding technique, where the rod is dragged along the weld. Weaving involves small movements from side to side between the base metal sides and requires more skills to ensure a good quality weld. This section also defines if a single or multiple welding passes are to be used.
Electrode section (from this example WPS)
As can be seen in Figure 1, the designer (welding engineer) can decide to use different types of welding processes for the different weld passes.
Figure 1: Electrode section describing welding process, electrical characteristics and travel speed.
This section also describes voltage, ampere and travel speed which are all related to the heat input during welding. Slower travel speed increases the heat input and amount of weld filler metal being welded. Higher travel speed decreases the heat input and minimizes filler metal laid in the weld bead. The weld heat input can be calculated as
Heat input [J/mm] = Voltage x Ampere x 60 / travel speed [mm/min]
The amount of heat inserted during welding will affect the material properties of the weld. The limits are designed by the welding engineer for a specific reason and should always be followed.
References
Qualification Standard for Welding and Brazing procedures, Welders, Brazers, and Welding and Brazing operators. ASME IX, July 2010.
This article provides information about F number in WeldingProcedure Specification based on the requirement of ASME Code Section IX.
The F number grouping of filler metals refers to theirsimilarity on their usability characteristics. The usability determines theability of a welder to deposit a sound weld metal with a certain filler metal.
The F number is essential variable in the most weldingprocess for welding procedure specification and also in welding performancequalifications. Like the P number, the Fnumber designed to reduce the number of procedure qualification and weldingperformance qualification.
P No And F No In Welding Electrodes
I have seen some many people confusing about F number andbelieving the F number is grouping for the similar chemical composition. Thisis not true, and F number is only about of usability characteristics such aswelding position.
F number in Welding Procedure Specification
Table QW-432 in ASME Code Section IX provides the list of Fnumbers. Any change from one F number in welding to the other F number is essentialvariable in the welding procedure specification. The changing from one F numberto other F number is a little bit different in welding performancequalification. The essential variable tables in welding performancequalification (QW-352 thru 357) refer you to the QW-433 for the range of qualification.
For example, a welder qualified with F number 4, he alsowill be qualified on the F numbers 1, 2 and 3.
P No And F No In Welding Supply
Some contractors use the essential variable tables (QW-352thru 357) to minimize their costs. For instance, they might test the welder forstainless steel material by using carbon steel material. Consider the actualproject material is stainless steel and you do not want to waste stainlesssteel material for testing. You ask the welder to weld in carbon steel materialbut with stainless steel filler metal. Based on the essential variable table Pnumber 1 (Carbon Steel) qualifies P 8 (Stainless Steel), and the F number isthe same. So you qualify your welder for stainless steel material by usingcarbon steel material but stainless steel filler metal.
When you have a welder or welding operator with a certainqualification, and you want to use him in some other job, you need to see ifall the variables in the essential variable table confirm his qualification forthe new job. Each of the item in the table has veto right, if 6 out of 7 is Ok,but only 1 of them is not meeting the requirements, and then you cannot usethat welder in the new job and you need to re-qualify him by the new test.
The ASME Section IX Training Course is 2 days video training course and available online and the student that successfully pass the exam, receive I4I academy certificate with 16 hours training credit.
P No And F No In Welding Equipment
Related Links:
Nonessential Variables, Supplementary Essential Variables, A number in WPS
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